ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 20181 First edition 2023-02 Stationary source emissions Quality assurance of automated measuring systems Emission des sources fixes - Assurance qualite des systemes automatiques de mesurage Reference number IS0 20181:2023(E) ISO @IS02023 IS0 20181:2023(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT IS02023 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may the internet or an intranet, withoutpriorwrittenpermission.Permission can be requested from eitherIso at the addressbelow or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 401 · Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214Vernier,Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org PublishedinSwitzerland i @ IS0 2023 - All rights reserved IS0 20181:2023(E) Contents Page Foreword .V Introduction. .vi 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 6 4.1 Symbols. 4.2 Abbreviated terms 7 5 Principle. 7 5.1 General .7 5.2 Limitations .9 5.3 Measurement site and installation 9 5.4 Testing laboratories performing SRM measurements 10 6 Calibration and validation of the AMS (QAL2) .10 6.1 General. 10 6.2 Functional test 11 6.3 Parallel measurements with the SRM 12 6.4 Data evaluation .14 6.4.1 Preparation of data. 14 6.4.2 Selection of data points from automated SRM 15 6.4.3 Establishing the calibration function 15 6.5 Calibration function of the AMS and its validity 16 6.6 Calculation of variability .18 6.7 Test of variability 19 6.8 QAL2 report. 19 Ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3) 20 7.1 General. 20 7.2 Procedures to maintain ongoing quality 21 7.3 Choosing control charts. 21 7.4 Control chart limits. 22 7.4.1 General 22 7.4.2 Calculation of control chart limits using performance data 22 7.4.3 Calculation of control chart limits using the maximum permissible uncertainty 23 7.5 Zero and span measurements. 23 7.5.1 General 23 7.5.2 Frequency of zero and span measurements 23 7.5.3 Extractive gas analysis systems. 24 7.5.4 In-situ gas-monitoring AMS 24 7.5.5 Particulate-monitoring AMS. 25 7.6 Documentation of control charts. 25 8 Annual surveillance test (AsT) .25 8.1 General 25 8.2 Functional test 26 8.3 Parallel measurements with the SRM 26 8.4 Data evaluation 27 8.5 Calculation of variability 28 8.6 Test of variability and validity of the calibration function 28 8.7 AST report 29 9 Documentation 29 @ IS0 2023 - All rights reserved ii IS0 20181:2023(E) Annex A (normative) QAL2 and AST functional test of AMS. .30 Annex B (normative) Test of linearity .34 Annex C (informative) Control charts .36 Annex D (normative) Documentation .46 Annex E (informative) Examples of calculation of the calibration function and of the variabilitytest ..48 Annex F (informative) Example of calculation of the standard deviation SAMs of the AMS at zero and span level 63 Annex G (informative) Example of using the calibration function and testing the variability and validity of the calibration function in the AST .66 Annex H (informative) Implementation of QAL1 ..70 Annex I (normative) k, and to,95; N-1 values ..71 Annex J (informative) Significant technical changes ..72 Bibliography ..74 iv IS02023-All rights reserved IS0 20181:2023(E) Foreword IsO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IsO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throughIsotechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnica. committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with Iso, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended fo